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Q.6 Mention the change in the attitude of the British towards the Indian Princely states after 1858.What were the reason for this change? (5 marks)
Ans. The revolt of 1857 was a symbol of a rebellion by the Indian population against the suppression of the British rule .The princely states played an important role in the rising of the revolt. The British were so frightened with the revolt that the possibility of another uprising always haunted them. They also realised the need to create buffer states, which could aid and support British. They therefore tried to win the sympathy of the Indian rulers. They were now assured that under no circumstances their states would be taken away from them as opposed to Dalhousie’s policy of “doctrine of lapse". Hindu rulers were now allowed to adopt sons. Thus the 562 Indian royal families now became loyal to the British Government. This fulfilled the ambitions of the English, as they now were able to win the support of the local rulers who had a considerable amount of Indian population under their control.
OR
Mention the changes introduced by the British in the Indian Army after 1858. Why were these changes introduced?
Ans. The Indian sepoys played a dominant role in Revolt of 1857.The British carefully reorganised the Indian army after 1857, mainly to prevent the recurrence of another revolt. Several steps were taken to minimise the capacity of Indian soldiers to revolt. The proportion of Europeans to Indians in the army was raised and fixed at one to two in Bengal armies and two to five Madras and Bombay armies. Moreover, the crucial branches of the army like the artillery and, later in the 20th century, tanks and armoured corps were put exclusively under British soldiers.
The Indians were now restricted to join the officer corps. The British used the policy of Divide and rule in the army by discriminating the soldiers on the basis of caste, region and religion. Communal, caste, tribal and regional loyalties were encouraged among soldiers so that the sentiment of nationalism would not grow among them. Efforts were also made to keep the army separated from the life and thoughts of the civilian populace by banning the purchase of newspapers, journals and the nationalist publications. But, despite the efforts of the British to keep its soldiers as mercenary forces one witness that it were these forces which played an important role in the freedom struggle later.
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