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Q. When did the USA enter the Second World War? Make an assessment of her role in influencing the outcome of the War.
Ans. The Second World War began in 1939. In the beginning US remained neutral to the war which was restricted to Europe. It allowed Britain to buy arms on cash basis. Germany attacked Russian June 1941. . The French and the British were drawn into the war as they supported Russians. President Roosevelt signed the Atlantic Charter with British Prime Minister Churchill to declare the war aim and to destroy Nazi Germany. Russia also became a party to the charter. On December 1941, Japan, which was Germany’s ally, attacked the US naval base at Pearl Harbor. It led to the destruction of many US aircraft’s, battleships, armours and naval bases. US had no option but to retaliate. It declared War on Japan on December 8, 1941. Germany and Italy joined Japanese forces. US declared war with Germany and Italy. Thus the US entry in the war made it a global war. US made 3,00,000 aircraft’s and 85,000 tankers. It was now called as the ‘arsenal of victory’.
Q.19. Describe the major European developments between 1945 and 1949, which created tensions between USA and the Soviet Union and led to the Cold War? (8 marks)
Ans. The Second World War ended in 1945 AD. During the war period, The USA and USSR forgot their ideological differences and came together to restore peace in the World.But toward the end of the War, the harmony that existed between Russia and USA ended, their ideological differences came to the forefront which guided them towards the Cold War. Russia, being a socialist country, tried to spread the idea of socialism and democracy throughout the World. It asked for the workers of the world to unite together and created strong Workers union throughout the World. Russia tried to spread her influence by spreading communism in different parts of the World especially in Eastern Europe.
Communist regimes were set up in Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia etc. It aroused fear and threat in Britain, France and USA. These socialist ideas were seen as a threat by the USA as being a capitalist country herself, her economy largely depended on Monopoly capitalism, where a few Capitalist thrived on the labor of the working class. The USSR call for the workers to unite was seen as a threat to USA’s economy, polity and society. Relations between the Soviet Union and the USA became difficult as they stood forth as rivals though no actual armed conflict took place directly between the two opposing camps. This post war fear, tension, suspicion, and hostility between the two nations has been termed as the cold war. The world was divided into two power blocs, the Russian Bloc and the American Bloc. In order to reduce the Russian influence, America organized NATO with the help of the European countries.
To counteract it, Russia laid the foundation of the Warsaw pact with the help of the eastern countries. The race of armaments started in a big way where each country tried to outdo the other in creating atomic and nuclear power. After the Second World War the capitalist countries tried to interfere in the politics of other small countries to check the growth of communism. They began to crush the national movements of India and China. USA interfered in the Vietnam crisis by sending its troops to fight the Vietnam’s rising tide of communism. US also interfered in the Arab politics by supporting Israel’s Imperialist designs over Palestine. It were these tensions which threatened the world peace between 1945 to 1949 AD.
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