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Q. 16. In February 1933, the Reichstag building was set up on fire. How was this system made use of by Hitler? (2 marks)
Ans. On 30th February, Adolph Hitler was appointed the Chancellor of Germany. After coming to power he set about to consolidate his ruler in Germany but he lacked the support of the masses to win the elections and become a part of the reichstag or the German parliament. Five days before the elections, which were to be held on March 5, 1933, Hitler set the reichstag on fire. This was done to create a reign of terror among the people and to intimidate them in voting Hitler in the elections.
Q.17. How was Czechoslovakia affected after the signing of the Munich pact? (2 marks)
Ans. The independent state of Czechoslovakia, which was created after the First World War, was dismembered with the signing of the Munich Pact on September 29, 1938. The German claim over Sudenteland, a part of the Czech territory, was accepted. The Czech lost their independence as England, France, Italy, and Germany jointly took responsibility of security of Czechoslovakia.
Q.18. Why is the battle of Stalingrad considered important in the history of the Second World War? Explain. (5 marks)
Ans. the battle of Stalingrad was fought between Russia and Germany on Russian territory. It is an important battle in the history of the Second World War as it marked the defeat of Germany as well as the defeat of Hitler and his Nazi party. The events, which led to the battle of Stalingrad, are as follows. Hitler had signed a non- aggression treaty with Russia in August 1939 AD. But, he had no faith in Russia and considered her as a vital threat to Nazi Germany.
He also had Imperial designs on the fertile Ukraine basin and its mines. He also wanted to Europeanize the area of the Asian steppe .For these reasons he violated the pact of 1939 and attacked Russia from three sides. A fierce battle was fought in Stalingrad, near Moscow but the Germans failed to capture Stalingrad as the German soldiers were taken unawares by the heavy rains and frosts in the month of October for which the German army was unprepared. Hitler’s campaign failed miserably. Out of 3,30,00 soldiers only 12,000 survived. It was the first mistake, which changed the fate of Germany as well as Hitler. It led to German defeat and eventually, the end of the Second World War.
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